CONDITION OF UNEQUAL PUPIL SIZE PATCH

The pupils have muscles to constrict them (make them smaller) and muscles to dilate them (make them larger) and these are controlled by a network of nerves from the brain which works automatically. The pupil (the circular black area in the middle of the coloured part of the eye) is usually the same size as the pupil on the other side, and the two pupils usually react together (for example to light).

Bilateral miosis with little or no constriction to direct light, but with apparently normal, pupil constriction to near targets.

Horner's syndrome that occurs very early in life can lead to iris heterochromia.

CONDITION OF UNEQUAL PUPIL SIZE PATCH

Anhydrosis varies from the entire half face to a small patch on the forehead, depending on the location of the lesion.Anisocoria is more pronounced in the dark (particularly in the first 5 s of darkness).This sign is reportedly absent in 12% of HornerвЂ™s syndrome Classic triad of ipsilateral ptosis, pupillary miosis, and facial anhydrosis (absence of sweating), but rarely all signs present.The fellow pupil may become involved later Pupil may be oval-shaped or shows segmental constriction.Affected pupil larger than normal, with decreased response to light but preserved or enhanced near response.Degree of anisocoria remains relatively constant in light and dark conditions.Thought to result from a lesion in the midbrain that disables the pathway for the pupillary light reflex but does not affect the more ventral pathway mediating the near reaction.May occur after surgery (for example, to the neck) Potential causes in adults include neoplasia, demyelination and carotid artery disease.Caused by interruption of the oculosympathetic innervation at any point along the neural pathway from the hypothalamus to the orbit.Birth prevalence of 1 in 6250 for those with a congenital onset.When associated with absent or poor tendon reflexes known as Holmes-Adie syndrome.May also be seen in patients with generalised peripheral or autonomic neuropathies SjГ¶grenвЂ™s disease and polyarteritis nodosa. Case reports of rare associations with connective tissue diseases e.g. Usually idiopathic but can occur following infection, orbital surgery or trauma affecting the ciliary ganglion.Prevalence 2 per 1,000 of the general population.

Caused by parasympathetic denervation at the level of the ciliary ganglion.Depending on the level of illumination, found in up to 20% of individuals.Unequal pupil sizes in the absence of an underlying pathological cause.Main symptom of this condition is double vision.Although pupil anomalies are commonly benign, they may be the first orВ only manifestation of a serious or even life-threatening disorder. Microvascular Cranial Nerve Palsy вЂ“В The interruption of blood supply to one of the cranial nerves, which causes it to cease functioning, usually temporarily. Hemifacial Spasm вЂ“В A chronic spasm affecting one side of the face. вЂњIdiopathicвЂќ means that the cause for the buildup of pressure is unknown, but there is an association with obesity and ingestion of certain medications.Д«lepharospasm вЂ“В A condition of uncontrolled blinking, squeezing and eyelid closure affecting both eyes without an obvious cause. Papilledema (swollen optic nerves) вЂ“В Optic nerve swelling is caused by elevated pressure inside the head, and can be caused by brain tumors and blood clots involving the major veins surrounding the brain.ДЄ less serious form of optic nerve swelling, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, can occur in young women of childbearing age (and less frequently in men or children).

Because unequal pupils can be an indicator of a serious underlying condition such as a brain aneurysm or a lung tumor, the condition should be evaluated without delay once detected. This condition is often associated with multiple sclerosis.ДЄnisocoria (unequal pupils) вЂ“В Unequal pupils can be observed in neurologic conditions such as migraines, HornerвЂ™s syndrome, AdieвЂ™s tonic pupil, and third nerve palsy. There is usually rapid deterioration of vision followed by a more prolonged course of visual recovery. Optic Neuritis вЂ“В A condition where the bodyвЂ™s immune system attacks its own optic nerve. Some common neuro-ophthalmic conditions include:Д¬erebrovascular Accident (stroke) вЂ“В Strokes can lead to double vision when the brainstem is affected, as well as to the loss of the field of vision when either of the brain hemispheres is involved.ДЄnterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy вЂ“В A sudden loss of blood supply to the optic nerve causing a stroke to the optic nerve tissue and permanent vision loss. These can lead to double vision, vague disturbances in vision, and sudden loss of vision. Therefore, conditions affecting the central nervous system can also have an impact on oneвЂ™s vision. The eyes and the visual pathways are connected with the central nervous system.

Condition of unequal pupil size